Atmospheric and ionospheric disturbances associated with the M > 6 earthquakes in the East Asian sector: A case study of two consecutive earthquakes in Taiwan

The phenomenon of Lithosphere-Ionosphere coupling is a popular topic for researchers the last two decades. This study aims to analyze seismo-ionospheric anomalies (SIAs) in East Asia induced by M > 6 earthquakes (EQs) from Total Electron Content (TEC) permanent IGS stations operating around vicinity corresponding epicenters considering case successive EQs Taiwan. Our results showed remarkable TEC enhancements one day before both impending during quiet geomagnetic activity (Kp less than 3, Dst ≥ −20), where variations were found each EQ UT = 02–08 (LT 10–16) hours form differential (dTEC). On other hand, V-shaped gradual decreases temporal atmospheric parameters took place 6.1 that gradually decreased till 6.4 turning back normal. anomaly maps geopotential height and surface air temperature intense consequent OLR right along edge Philippine Sea plate northwest direction. Furthermore, we observed distinctive equatorial ionization (EIA) enhancement latitudinal GIM-TEC profiles near epicentral longitude, EIA structure modified shape as double crust with trough equator testifies generation seismogenic electric field. multi-precursory another contribution acknowledgment LAI (Lithosphere, Atmosphere, Ionosphere) hypothesis prediction future EQs.